Human and Animal Bites

Unlike other cuts or wounds, a human or animal bite that breaks the skin may transfer large quantities of bacteria that can cause a spreading infection of the skin called “cellulitis.” Teeth can also puncture deep into the skin, depositing bacteria that cannot drain to the surface or be reached with topical remedies. These bacteria may be so aggressive and hard to reach that oral antibiotics are necessary to prevent more serious infection.

We treat these wounds with ampicillin/sulbactam (Augmentin, 875 mg/125 mg). If you are allergic to penicillin, use cefuroxime (Ceftin) or cefprozil (Cefzil). If you have not received a tetanus shot in the previous five years, ask a local doctor for a tetanus booster.

Keep the wound clean and dry. If the bite is on an arm or leg, elevate the limb above the level of the heart. Use light sterile bandages rather than constricting wraps. As most bites are on a limb, soak the affected area in warm, soapy water two or three times a day to assist in recovery. If superficial or deep tissue infection (see Wounds for additional information) develops despite oral antibiotic therapy, consult a local MedToGo physician immediately. Deep puncture wounds are more susceptible to aggressive, spreading infection that may require intravenous antibiotics or surgery.

If your immune system is weakened, or if you have chronic medical problems such as diabetes, poor circulation, or severe heart disease, always consult with a physician about skin infections, as they can develop into more serious problems.

Animal control and rabies vaccinations are less rigorously enforced in Mexico than in the U.S. Therefore, always assume a risk of rabies in an undomesticated, stray, or unhealthy animal, as well as in bat, raccoon, fox, or skunk bites. Consult with a MedToGo physician to receive the appropriate rabies treatment.