Temazcal

Since prehispanic times, Mesoamericans have partaken of the purifying ritual of the temazcal, a vapor bath used primarily for therapeutic purposes. The Náhuatl origin of the name means “house of vapor.” Legend holds that this dome-shaped steam house was a symbolic representation of Mother Earth’s womb and the beginning of life. The doorway to the womb was oriented towards the south, which symbolized life’s end. The temazcal therefore represents the cycle of life, and participants experience a rebirth in the ritual bath.

The temazcal played an integral role in Mesoamerican medical practices, from the Maya to the Aztecs. The shaman, or native doctor, would treat various medical conditions as well as guide childbirth. In fact, various conditions associated with the female reproductive system were treated in the temazcal. It was seen as helpful with the pain and irregularity of premenstrual syndrome, as well as infertility, as the temazcal supposedly warms the ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus.

The temazcal traditionally involves several rituals and customs, believed to be fundamental to its exercise. The guide, or temazcalero, will generally begin with a short ceremony invoking the points of the compass and celebrating the gifts of fire, water, earth, and air. He or she then activates hot volcanic rocks and places them in the umbilicus, a hole in the ground at the center. For the duration of the ritual, the temazcalero will wet the rocks with herb-infused water, including eucalyptus, rosemary, mugwort, and other stimulating herbs, raising the temperature and infusing the atmosphere with aromas. The temazcalero leads participants in meditation and occasional chanting, and will pass around medicinal plants and aloe vera to refresh the skin during the session. At the end of this spiritual journey, participants are instructed to take a refreshing cool water bath and rest while drinking tea to restore mind, body, and spirit.

Today there are several perceived health benefits one can receive when participating in a temazcal ritual. By generating high heat and high humidity, the temazcal increases circulation to the skin, leaving it glowing and healthy. The induced sweating cleans the skin and sweat glands, opening pores and removing impurities from the body. It activates the immune system and therefore has positive effects on most upper respiratory problems. It is also seen to relieve stress, reducing muscle tension, and stiffness in joints. In addition to the physical benefits, there are often spiritual and introspective improvements although this requires an openness and willingness to lower reserve on the part of participants.

As was the case with many native traditions, the Spanish practically eradicated the practice of the temazcal, deeming it barbaric and uncivilized. It continued in many rural areas, however, and over the last decade has made a comeback, being adapted to suit modern hotels and spas. Currently, the temazcal is used primarily as a place to relax and detoxify while entering a contemplative state of mind. However, there are many, including the Maya and others who have experienced the temazcal, who believe in its alternative healing force and revitalizing power.

Health Warning:

Pregnant women or anyone with a history of heart disease, especially coronary artery disease, previous strokes, or diabetes, should not participate in the temazcal, as the temperature inside can reach 104ºF. It is also recommended that participants be well hydrated and avoid alcohol, bananas, milk and smoking prior to entering the temazcal. Should one feel light-headed or dizzy at any time during the session, it is strongly suggested he/she exit immediately.